External Research Grants

In offering the first sustained comparison between Alexis de Tocqueville and Friedrich A. Hayek., the book will allow the understanding of the underappreciated influence of the nineteenth-century Frenchman upon the development of the Austrian’s thought, a century later. By exploring Tocqueville and Hayek in tandem, it would be quite clear that despite Hayek’s reputation as being primarily concerned with questions of economic efficiency and with preserving the free market, his deepest concerns were with the ways in which centralisation erodes the individual’s desire for freedom as well as the individual’s capacities for exercising that freedom. Hayek’s insights about these dangers to liberty in the modern era arose from his engagement with Tocqueville, whose famous “soft despotism” first theorised how this process of psychological transformation could occur within a democratic society itself. Showing the connections between Hayek and Tocqueville, then, not only corrects a significant misunderstanding about Hayek’s concerns – and hence, potentially the applicability of those concerns in a world in which the socialist threat seems to have receded – but it will also allow us to consider the continued relevance of other aspects of Tocqueville’s thought, by bringing his perspective forward into a world of technology, bureaucracy, and globalisation.

Self-report bias remains a persistent challenge in ageing research, particularly in areas like income, healthcare utilisation, and insurance coverage. This project plans to leverage the Singapore Life Panel (SLP) - a nationally representative, high-frequency longitudinal survey of older adults - to evaluate the accuracy of self-reported data by linking key modules with administrative records via the national TRUST platform. By validating survey responses against administrative datasets, this project aims to correct the key variables to enhance the analytic precision and secondary usability of SLP data, as well as to establish longitudinal effects of lifestyle factors with objective health and economic outcomes.

This research proposal focuses on the intersection of trustful artificial intelligence (AI) and the digital economy, aiming to develop frameworks and technologies that ensure AI systems are reliable, transparent, and beneficial to economic growth.

Hosted by the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), in collaboration with Singapore Management University (SMU), this project aims to create breakthroughs in wearable fabrics for health and wellness applications, with a special focus on tracking the mobility and joint motion of individuals with frailty challenges. The project aims to develop self-sustaining, energy-efficient smart textiles that seamlessly integrate sensors and electronics into knitted fabrics. The research collectively addresses two critical challenges: developing wearable fabric materials that can both sense movement and harvest energy, and creating ultra-low-power, on-board data processing mechanisms. The project combines all-knitted energy harvesting (using advanced yarns and knit architectures) techniques with ultra-low-power spiking neural network (SNN) based approaches for data processing, thereby maximising personal comfort while significantly extending the operational lifetime of the wearable sleeves. The research outputs will lay the foundations for scalable, long-term deployment of smart textile-based wearables for healthcare, rehabilitation, and preventive monitoring. Scientifically, the work shall generate globally competitive advances in materials science and neuromorphic computing for next-generation wearables; economically, it advances the marketability of textile-based wearables; and societally, it supports healthier ageing through quantified tracking of frailty and mobility-related impairments.

This research is supported by the National Research Foundation, Singapore under its 33rd Competitive Research Programme (NRF-CRP33-2025-0007).

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) deliver strong generalization but suffer from severe inference bottlenecks: slow, costly, and energy-intensive decoding is increasingly driven by verbose explicit reasoning (e.g., chain-of-thought), which improves accuracy yet inflates token length and compute (“overthinking”). Latent reasoning offers a promising alternative by replacing long textual rationales with compact soft “thought” tokens that condition the target model, but current methods face two key barriers: (i) misalignment, since thought tokens are produced by a separately trained smaller assistant and do not match the target model’s internal representations, and (ii) poor cross-domain generalization, as a single assistant cannot cover diverse reasoning styles (math, code, dialogue, multimodal tasks).

We propose an efficient and scalable latent reasoning framework for MLLMs with two innovations. First, adapter-based thought token generation: a lightweight adapter transforms the target MLLM’s own intermediate features into thought tokens, improving alignment and preserving accuracy while reducing overhead. Second, domain-adaptive latent reasoning: a mixture of domain-specialized experts with a learned router selects the best expert per query to robustly support heterogeneous tasks. Together, these components aim to substantially accelerate MLLM inference while maintaining or improving reasoning quality.

Singapore’s strength lies in its cultural and linguistic diversity, where residents communicate daily across English, Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and local blends such as Singlish. While this enriches social resilience, it also creates communication challenges, especially as interactions with conversational AI become increasingly common. Current AI systems, trained mostly on English-based and Western-centric data, often fail to understand Singapore’s multilingual and multicultural expressions, limiting their effectiveness and reinforcing digital divides for communities such as elders. To address this gap, this project aims to develop proactive conversational AI agents that are culturally aware and linguistically flexible for the Singapore context. The research will proceed in three phases: (1) investigate communication breakdowns in multilingual human–AI interactions and build benchmark datasets for evaluating cultural conversational understanding; (2) enhance the cultural adaptability of large language models to ensure accurate, value-aligned responses across languages; and (3) deploy culturally adaptive agents in elder-care settings to maintain engaging, meaningful interactions. The project will deliver benchmark datasets, model audits, a culturally adaptive LLM backbone, and a proactive conversational agent, ensuring AI strengthens social resilience and supports diverse communities in Singapore and beyond.

VISTA is a research initiative that equips autonomous AI agents with an explicit and continuously tracked representation of human values, which enables safe and trustworthy decision-making during complex and long-horizon tasks. The architecture integrates real-time value monitoring, auditing and adaptive correction directly into the agent’s planning and optimization process, rather than relying on post-hoc safeguards. VISTA aims to support the deployment of high-impact autonomous systems that are both performance-efficient and aligned with emerging AI governance requirements.

This research/project is supported by the National Research Foundation, Singapore under its AI Singapore programme (AISG Award No: AISG3-RPGV-2025-017).

The project delivers an AI-Agentic Penetration Testing Platform that automates the full penetration testing workflow from reconnaissance to reporting, using large language models, agentic workflows, and interoperability with standard security tools. The platform will be codeveloped and piloted with Ensign InfoSecurity, ensuring alignment with industry standards and real-world needs. Initial deployment will focus on regulated sectors and enterprises in Singapore, with Managed Security Service Providers (MSSPs) as key distribution partners.

This project addresses the critical fragmentation in today’s software security landscape, where traditional vulnerability databases fail to keep pace with the velocity of modern threats. Led by Singapore Management University in collaboration with digiDations, this project develops an end-to-end, AI-agent-driven platform designed to autonomously transform noisy, multi-source signals into actionable, high-confidence security intelligence. The platform utilizes specialized autonomous agents to orchestrate the entire intelligence lifecycle through four core functions: adaptive discovery across over 20 heterogeneous sources (including informal channels), LLM-powered semantic normalization, automated conflict resolution with credibility scoring, and direct mapping to Software Bills of Materials (SBOMs). By systematically reconciling contradictory data and filtering misinformation, the system aims to significantly reduce operational noise and compress detection latency to under five minutes. The primary deliverable is a pilot-ready Minimum Viable Product (MVP) that creates a pathway to a commercial subscription offering. Ultimately, this project shifts security operations from reactive remediation to proactive prediction, building a sovereign capability that strengthens national cyber resilience against emerging software supply chain risks.

The first ever Canada–Asia Arctic Law and Policy Dialogue was held in Singapore 27-28 April 2026. It aims to foster a mutual understanding of common environmental challenges and potential economic opportunities between Canada and the five Asian Arctic Council Observer countries – China, Japan, Republic of Korea, India, and Singapore (Asian Arctic Five) – in the Indo-Pacific region. This Project brought together leading and promising Arctic law and policy scholars from Canada and the Asian Arctic Five and emerging economies (Vietnam and Indonesia) for an engaging dialogue.